CHAPTER II

CHAPTER II

LITREATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

In this study researcher want to identify materials are uses in collage technique beside that researcher want to identify student’s creativity student to in making artwork based on collage technique. Based on researcher study to create a collage technique student should know  the part of materials to make collage technique, the technical and surface are student uses, the exploration/ experimental by student to create a collage technique and the expression: emphasis and direction.

Actually in the early 1990 some Dadaist artist dropped scraps of colored paper as they stood and ladders and pasted the pieces with no attempt at design, even nowadays many children or some among of adults’ alike carry on collage activities with little or organization. But there are just do a collage technique it’s depend that their mind, so from that researcher want to develop creativity student to make a more creative artwork based on collage technique. In make a collage technique student should know the element of design that are essential to their work the element is line, shape, form , space, color and texture it’s that important and value so on. Collage artist often tend to behave like squirrels or pack rats, gathering all kind of materials and storing them away for eventual incorporation into their artwork. Fabric collagists have drawers full of scraps, woven worn and new.

Collage also can be two-dimension and three dimension fine art form generally involving the adhering of various kind of papers and other materials to a support and often supplemented with one or more of the painting or drawing media. Such fine artworks usually involve skillful selection and manipulation of materials, carefully developed personal technique highly sensitive uses of design or composition concept. Collagists employ the element that is essential to their work is line, shape, color, value, texture, and space.

Shape are often referred to as the building blocks of arts structure  like bricks, stone,  mortar are used to construct architectural edifices , shape in art build strength into the structure of the composition. In this study has five type of shape is geometric shape, biomorphic shape, implied shape, amorphous shape, actual shape.

Actually shape outer edge helps give it a character that distinguishes it from others. Shape also describes as objectives, naturalistic, representational or realistic depending on the context. The type of shape is geometric shape include circle, ovals, squares, rectangles, triangles, hexagon, pentagon, and others mathematically derived shapes. Beside that biomorphic shape its display edges of a rounded, curving and sometime undulating nature that suggest living organisms or natural forces.

2.1 Literature Review

2.1.0    Collage and tool and materials: According (Brown, 1998) “The tools and materials you need to begin collaging are simple and inexpensive. Once you’re hooked on collage, you may graduate to more exotic (and expensive) paper and fabrics, but your tools will still be simple and cheap. The only exception is the cost of a dry-mount press, if you decide to go that way”. The author try to brief a basic about tools and material to making a collage artwork, actually the tools or materials is not from the expensive thing but if someone be more creative just buy a cheap tools materials, and its better if has a discarded materials because the creative artwork it’s not based only the materials but the creative thinking to create composition in making artwork based on collage technique.

2.1.1    Assembling the collage: According (Brown, 1998) “These twelve demonstration shows you how to assemble a variety of collage in easy to follow steps. The first four demonstration use simple”. The twelve that means author try to create a simple artwork based on collage technique based on construction paper the first is winter scene, mountains, still life, reflection pointers, harbour hillside, bull darham barn, watercolor mood, perspective pointer, moonlit harbour, sunflowers and quilts, shadow pointers, farmland, city street, and realism based on abstract materials the all step actually based on construction paper. So that a paper its can be a main materials to create an artwork based on collage technique, beside that the materials from papers also its easy to make by student because a paper it’s easy to found and cheap and the part of technical also it’s easy to making by student.

2.1.2 Papers of different surface: According (Haley, 1971)some of the surface will often suggest definite uses,

2.1.3 Technology approaches: According (Brommer, 1994) environment in various ways to present a new look and new image through collage

2.1.4 Assembling a collage in Photoshop: According (Bloom, 2011) in the book “Collage are beautiful, they have the ability to combine many images and texture in a unique manner, they can have the delicacy of a butterfly wing or the graphic nature of a wanted poster, we will explore various methods of assembling this type of artwork”. This statement is tell about to create a collage must be many image that has put on artwork to be a more creative because the underlying of image actually give a beautiful effect on artwork. To create an artwork by collage the element are most important is texture and color.

2.1.5 Editing Photoshop:(Henri, 1923) “Photoshop is the ideal tools for making collage” that means the software Photoshop its can create a collage to constructed by cutting and pasting image and object together. In Photoshop also the each of element can reside on its own layer actually the image can produce a composition and related the principal of art that student should know.

2.1.6    Exploration: attitude, material and technique According: (Brommer, 1994) “Anything goes “or “anything is possible”, “a spirit that to experiment many combinations of media and materials”. This fact is about to create collage technique student should do some exploration materials and use a many media to develop collage technique this is because the overlapping of media its can produce an artwork more creative and has some meaning. Beside that the media are uses actually can construct the image student are applied in their artwork.

2.1.7 Texture in photograph: According (Palmer, 1972)”sometimes special photographic materials are used to obtain certain effects in the graphic of the mass media”. In the book of visual awareness the texture on photographs are related with a technology approach in making artwork based on collage technique. Many kind of collage can be developed from a single photographic images. Some of these exploration will get an own creativity will provide further idea and direction.